Field Tested Modules: Hazard And Blast Resistant
Full-scale Proof Testing of Hazard and Blast Resistance
Testing completed by BakerRisk at their Wilfred E. Baker Test Facility (WEBTF)
- High Pressure Test Rig
- Shock Tube Test Rig
- Process Safety Test Rig
- Air Ingress Testing
The main FORTRESS building components were tested at and above design specifications for blast resistance as well as resistance to fire, fragment, smoke, and toxic) ingress.
Aerial Image of WEBTF During FORTRESS Concrete Module Assembly
Fragment testing
Projectile testing of wall panel in the High-Pressure Test Rig
- Concrete specimen with geometry, thickness, and reinforcement matching FORTRESS wall panel
- Projectiles were mild steel cylinders of equal length and diameter (varying size/weight)
- Tests conducted using a gas gun developed by BakerRisk for fragment throw
FORTRESS Wall Panel Fragment Test Setup
Blast Testing: Concrete Wall Panel Joint
Dynamic testing of wall panel in the Shock Tube Test Rig
- 10ft × 10ft target area
- Included panel joint, corner joint, and reaction frame
Five tests conducted on a single panel configuration
- Design basis free-field loads (1)
- Reflected loads (4)
Wall Panel in Test Frame
Results indicated negligible vulnerability at design basis loads
- Test #1: 11.3 psi at 1,006 psi.ms resulted in (hairline cracks)
- Test #2: 20.9 psi at 1,639 psi.ms resulted in (cracking)
Pressure-Impulse Curve for Building Damage
Blast Testing: Concrete Panel and Door
- 10ft × 10ft target area
- Included panel and door
Seven tests conducted on a single panel configuration
- Design basis free-field loads (4)
- Reflected loads (3)
Wall Panel with Door in Test Frame
Results indicated negligible vulnerability at design basis loads
- Test #5: 10.9 psi at 990 psi.ms resulted in (hairline cracks)
- Test #6: 20.0 psi at 1,433 psi.ms resulted in (hairline cracks)
Door still opened after 7 tests!
Thermal Testing: Concrete Panel Joint
Impinged jet fire of wall panels in the Process Safety Test Rig
- ¼-inch propane jet fire for 1-hour
- Full height panel with thermal barrier in panel joint
Additional small-scale testing of joint seal products
- Patented product resists fire and thermal degradation as well as prevents ingress of smoke and toxic combustion products
Impinged Saturated Jet Fire on Concrete Wall Panel
Results indicated negligible vulnerability for design basis thermal exposure
- Resistant to temperature rise as well as smoke and toxic combustion off-gases
- Temperature remains below 110° F, well below ASTM E119 required 139°F
Thermal Testing: Concrete Panel and Door
Impinged jet fire of door in the Process Safety Test Rig
- ¼-inch propane jet fire for 30-minutes
Small-scale testing of door components to confirm performance
Panel and Door Test Approx. 15-ft from Release Location
Results indicated negligible vulnerability for design basis thermal exposure
- High temperature paint burnt off door
- Temperature remains below 100°F
Door was still functional after grease was replaced post-test
- Fire test burnt door grease away
Air Ingress Testing: Main Building And Interior SIP Room
Tracer gas tested in conjunction with the FORTRESS Gas Sentry Shelter-In-Place (SIP) Control System
- Main building: 0.08 ACH with a 5-mph wing
- SIP Room: 0.026 ACH
Inherent gas ingress protection
- Limited gaps in building shell
- Vestibules at building entrance/exits
- System to monitor and alarm/isolate
- SIP room with systems and controls
Protection from Gas Ingress should be addressed as part of an overall site emergency response plan.
FORTRESS Shelter Room Tracer Gas Test Results
Full-scale Shock Tube Testing for Overpressure Impacts
Full-scale Impinged Jet Fire Impingement Testing for Thermal Impacts
Full-scale Fragment Testing